The Effects of Testosterone on the Body
Testosterone is a vital male hormone that is
responsible for the development and maintenance of male attributes. Women also
have testosterone but in a much smaller amount
The Effects of Testosterone on the Body
Testosterone is an important male hormone. A male begins to
produce testosterone as early as seven weeks after conception. Testosterone
levels rise during puberty, peak during the late teen years, and then level
off. After age 30 or so, it’s normal for a man’s testosterone levels to
decrease slightly every year.
Most men have more than enough testosterone. But, it’s possible
for the body to produce too little testosterone. This leads to a condition
called hypogonadism. This can be treated with hormonal therapy, which requires
a doctor’s prescription and careful monitoring. Men with normal testosterone
levels should not consider testosterone therapy.
Testosterone levels affect everything in men from the
reproductive system and sexuality to muscle mass and bone density. It also
plays a role in certain behaviors.
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The body’s endocrine system consists of glands that manufacture
hormones. The hypothalamus, located in the brain, tells the pituitary gland how
much testosterone the body needs. The pituitary gland then sends the message to
the testicles. Most testosterone is produced in the testicles, but small
amounts come from the adrenal glands, which are located just above the kidneys.
In women, the adrenal glands and ovaries produce small amounts of testosterone.
Before a boy is even born, testosterone is working to form male
genitals. During puberty, testosterone is responsible for the development of
male attributes like a deeper voice, beard, and body hair. It also promotes
muscle mass and sex drive. Testosterone production surges during adolescence
and peaks in the late teens or early 20s. After age 30, it’s natural for
testosterone levels to drop by about one percent each year.
About seven weeks after conception, testosterone begins helping
form male genitals. At puberty, as testosterone production surges, the
testicles and penis grow. The testicles produce a steady stream of testosterone
and make a fresh supply of sperm every day.
Men who have low levels of testosterone may experience erectile
dysfunction (ED). Long-term testosterone therapy can cause a decrease in sperm
production. Testosterone therapy also may cause an enlarged prostate, and smaller,
softer testicles. Men who have prostate or breast cancer should not consider
testosterone replacement therapy.
During puberty, rising levels of testosterone encourage the
growth of the testicles, penis, and pubic hair. The voice begins to deepen, and
muscles and body hair grow. Along with these changes comes growing sexual
desire.
There’s a bit of truth to the “use it or lose it” theory. A man
with low levels of testosterone may lose his desire for sex. Sexual stimulation
and sexual activity cause testosterone levels to rise. Testosterone levels can
drop during a long period of sexual inactivity. Low testosterone can also
result in erectile dysfunction (ED).
The body has a system for controlling testosterone, sending
messages through hormones and chemicals that are released into the bloodstream.
In the brain, the hypothalamus tells the pituitary gland how much testosterone
is needed, and the pituitary relays that information to the testicles.
Testosterone plays a role in certain behaviors, including
aggression and dominance. It also helps to spark competitiveness and boost
self-esteem. Just as sexual activity can affect testosterone levels, taking
part in competitive activities can cause a man’s testosterone levels to rise or
fall. Low testosterone may result in a loss of confidence and lack of
motivation. It can also lower a man’s ability to concentrate or cause feelings
of sadness. Low testosterone can cause sleep disturbances and a lack of energy.
It’s important to note, however, that testosterone is only one
factor that influences personality traits. Other biological and environmental
factors are also involved.
As a man transitions from childhood to adulthood, testosterone
spurs the growth of hair on the face, in the armpits, and around the genitals.
Hair also may grow on the arms, legs, and chest.
A man with shrinking levels of testosterone actually may lose
some body hair. Testosterone replacement therapy comes with a few potential
side effects, including acne and breast enlargement. Testosterone patches may
cause minor skin irritation. Topical gels may be easier to use, but great care
must be taken to avoid transferring testosterone to someone else though
skin-to-skin contact.
Testosterone is one of many factors involved in the development
of muscle bulk and strength. Testosterone increases neurotransmitters, which
encourage tissue growth. It also interacts with nuclear receptors in DNA, which
causes protein synthesis. Testosterone increases levels of growth hormone. That
makes exercise more likely to build muscle.
Testosterone increases bone density and tells the bone marrow to
manufacture red blood cells. Men with very low levels of testosterone are more
likely to suffer from bone fractures and breaks.
Testosterone also plays a role in fat metabolism, helping men to
burn fat more efficiently. Dropping levels of testosterone can cause an
increase in body fat.
Testosterone therapy can be administered by a doctor via
intramuscular injections.
Testosterone travels around the body in the bloodstream. The
only way to know your testosterone level for sure is to have it measured. This
usually requires a blood test.
Testosterone spurs the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.
And, studies suggest that testosterone may have a
positive effect on the heart. But some studies investigating testosterone’s
effect on cholesterol, blood pressure, and clot-busting ability have had mixed
results.
When it comes to testosterone therapy and the heart, recent studies have conflicting results and are
ongoing. Testosterone therapy delivered by intramuscular injection may cause
blood cell counts to rise. Other side effects of testosterone replacement
therapy include fluid retention, increased red cell count, and cholesterol
changes.
Eating
for higher T
Testosterone
is a male sex hormone that affects more than the just sex drive. The hormone is
also responsible for:
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